2. How is the nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein molecule?
03:16
3. A Generalized Secondary Structure of tRNA
00:03
4. Outline
01:45
5. 30.1 What Is the Genetic Code?
00:53
6. Features of the Code
02:48
7. Codons Specify Amino Acids
01:30
8. Slide 8
01:18
9. Universal genetic code
01:48
10. 30.2 How Is an Amino Acid Matched with Its Proper tRNA?
03:04
11. Two Distinct Classes of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases
00:16
12. Slide 12
01:16
13. The Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Reaction
01:55
14. The Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Reaction: two steps
01:27
15. Mirror-symmetric interactions of class I versus class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
01:09
16. Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Can Discriminate Between the Various tRNAs
01:54
17.
00:11
18. Figure 30.5 Ribbon diagram of the tRNA tertiary structure.
00:08
19.
02:50
20. Figure 30.5 Ribbon diagram of the tRNA tertiary structure.
00:37
21. tRNA Recognition
00:00
22. Figure 30.5 Ribbon diagram of the tRNA tertiary structure.
00:01
23.
00:03
24. Figure 30.5 Ribbon diagram of the tRNA tertiary structure.
00:42
25. tRNA Recognition
02:37
26. Structure of an E. coli Glutaminyl-tRNA Synthetase Complexed with tRNA
00:04
27. A Single G:U Base Pair Defines tRNAAlaS
00:00
28. Structure of an E. coli Glutaminyl-tRNA Synthetase Complexed with tRNA
00:16
29. tRNA Recognition
00:01
30. Structure of an E. coli Glutaminyl-tRNA Synthetase Complexed with tRNA
01:53
31. A Single G:U Base Pair Defines tRNAAlaS
00:35
32. 30.3 What Are the Rules in Codon-Anticodon Pairing?
01:05
33. The “wobble” hypothesis for codon: anticodon pairing
02:12
34. Slide 24
00:18
35. Slide 25
00:29
36. Some Codons Are Used More Than Others
01:20
37. Slide 27
00:01
38. Preferred codons are represented by the most abundant isoacceptor tRNAs
00:00
39. Slide 27
00:39
40. Some Codons Are Used More Than Others
00:47
41. Slide 27
00:01
42. Some Codons Are Used More Than Others
00:00
43. Slide 27
01:57
44. Preferred codons are represented by the most abundant isoacceptor tRNAs
01:53
45. Nonsense Suppression Occurs When Suppressor tRNAs Read Nonsense Codons
02:13
46. For example:tRNATyr , anticodon GUA
01:09
47. 30.4 What Is the Structure of Ribosomes, and How Are They Assembled?
01:32
48. 30.4 What Is the Structure of Ribosomes, and How Are They Assembled?
01:09
49. E. coli Ribosomes Are Composed of 30S and 50S Subunits
00:39
50. Slide 33
01:00
51. Prokaryotic Ribosomes Are Made from 50 Different Proteins and Three Different RNAs
00:46
52. The largest ribosomal protein is S1 (557 residues, 61.2 kD)The smallest ribosomal protein is L34 (46 residues, 5.4 kD)The sequences of ribosomal proteins share little similarity Rich in cationic amino acids Lys and Arg, and few aromatic amino acidsPropert
02:10
53. The rRNAs of E. coli Are Encoded by a Set of Seven Operons
01:08
54. Ribosomal RNAs form extensive secondary structures and double helixConformation of rRNA molecules determine the general shapes of the ribosomal subunitsRibosomal proteins serve a structural role in ribosomes by bracing and stabilizing rRNA conformations
00:29
55. The Shapes of Ribosomal Subunits Are Determined by the rRNA Conformations
00:14
56. Figure 30.13 Structure of the T. thermophilus ribosomal subunits and 70S ribosome. Features are labeled. (a) 30S; (b) 50S; (c) 70S; (d) side view of 70S.
00:00
57. Ribosomes Self-Assemble Spontaneously in Vitro
00:00
58. Figure 30.13 Structure of the T. thermophilus ribosomal subunits and 70S ribosome. Features are labeled. (a) 30S; (b) 50S; (c) 70S; (d) side view of 70S.
00:13
59. The Shapes of Ribosomal Subunits Are Determined by the rRNA Conformations
02:46
60. Figure 30.13 Structure of the T. thermophilus ribosomal subunits and 70S ribosome. Features are labeled. (a) 30S; (b) 50S; (c) 70S; (d) side view of 70S.
01:11
61. Ribosomes Self-Assemble Spontaneously in Vitro
02:18
62. Ribosomes Have a Characteristic Anatomy
00:20
63. Inner face
01:34
64. The 50S subunit: a mitt-like globular structure with three distinct projections –central protuberance, stalk, and L7/L12 ridge50S subunit binds the aminoacyl-acceptor ends of tRNA,catalyzing peptide bond formationThe catalytic center, the peptidyl transfe
00:22
65. Inner face
01:06
66. The Cytosolic Ribosomes of Eukaryotes Are Larger than Prokaryotic Ribosomes
00:30
67. Slide 46
01:26
68. The rRNA genes of eukaryotes are present in the form of several hundred tandem clusters: in humans, 300–400 repeats, five clusters (chromosomes).Nucleolus: a distinct region where these clusters are located and transcription of rRNA occurs80% to 90% of e
01:28
69. 30.5 What Are the Mechanics of mRNA Translation?
01:48
70. Initiation: Binding of mRNA to small subunit, followed by an initiator aminoacyl-tRNA, then by large subunitElongation: Synthesis of all peptide bonds – ribosome moves along mRNA, translating the message into amino acid, with repetitive cycle of adding a
02:22
71. Ribosome may bind three tRNAs:
01:08
72. Slide 51
01:14
73. Peptide Chain Initiation in Prokaryotes Requires a G-Protein Family Member
00:05
74. Initiator tRNA
00:07
75. Peptide Chain Initiation in Prokaryotes Requires a G-Protein Family Member
02:40
76. Initiator tRNA
00:43
77. Initiator tRNA
01:33
78. The Transformylation of Methionyl-tRNAifMet
02:57
79. mRNA AUG Recognition and Alignment
01:35
80. Various Shine-Dalgarno Sequences Recognized by E. coli Ribosomes
01:59
81. Properties of E. coli Initiation Factors
01:54
82. Events of Initiation
01:33
83. The Sequence of Events in Peptide Chain Initiation
01:08
84. Peptide Chain Elongation Requires Two G-Protein Family Members